The document addresses social structures, trust in relationships, cohabitation, sexual exploitation, abuse, and homosexuality, the latter of which has drawn the most attention and controversy.
The report acknowledges that there is neither a consensus nor an emerging one in the denomination on homosexuality and also states that the denomination cannot responsibly consider any changes to its policies unless it is able and willing in some way to recognise lifelong, monogamous, same-gender relationships. At the same time, it recommends that the ELCA commit itself to finding ways to recognise such relationships.
The document was formally introduced on Tuesday to the 1,045 voting members at the biennial assembly.
Opponents of the statement argue that adopting it would constitute abandonment of Scripture.
"This is God's law and we cannot change it," said Roy Gibbs of the Northwestern Ohio Synod, according to the ELCA News Service. "Everyone of us here today knows what is right and what is wrong. Our father has written it on our hearts and on our minds."
Task force chair the Rev Peter Strommen said he doesn't expect all ELCA members to agree with the social statement in its entirety.
"We can no longer assume that people in our society, or even many in the Church for that matter, hold a shared understanding of Christianity's core beliefs, let alone those of Lutheran ethics," he said, according to the denomination's news service.
"As important as issues over human sexuality might be, the first order of business for the ELCA is its missional challenge. We cannot afford to be inarticulate about what is most important in regard to our faith," he added.
The social statement emphasises two principles – trust and bound conscience – which were again highlighted by task force members at the assembly.
The Rev Timothy Wengert, a member of the task force, explained to voting members that conscience-bound belief does not mean being bound to a particular interpretation of Scripture. Instead, he said, it means that "the very people who hold different, opposing viewpoints on a particular moral issue based upon their understanding of Scripture, tradition and reason must recognise the bound conscience of other, of their neighbour who disagrees with them, and then work in such ways as not to cause that other person to reject the faith and fellowship in Word and sacrament".
While proponents of the document maintain that it is consistent with the biblical command to care for one's neighbour and build trusting relationships, others argue Scripture does not support homosexual behaviour.
The Rev Paull Spring of State College and chair of the conservative Lutheran CORE (Coalition for Reform), doesn't believe the Churchwide Assembly should be voting on the matter at all.
"The constitution of the ELCA says that the Bible is the source and norm of the Church's faith and life. A Church meeting does not have the authority to overturn what the Bible clearly teaches about marriage and about homosexual behaviour," Spring contends.
"The sexuality proposals show a tremendous arrogance. ELCA leaders think we can do whatever we want in our teaching about sexuality regardless of what the Bible teaches and what Christians around the world and throughout time have consistently taught.
"A Christian church does not vote on matters that are integral to the faith of the Church."
The debate, Spring says, is not about sex. Rather, it's about the source of authority in the ELCA.
Lutheran CORE is gathering support to defeat proposed changes to the denomination's teaching about sexuality.
In 2005, the ELCA Churchwide Assembly voted in favour of maintaining its noncelibate gay and lesbian clergy ban. Although debate on homosexuality and ordination policies again broke out at the 2007 meeting, further discussion was delayed until this year in conjunction with the release of the proposed social statement on human sexuality.
ELCA members will also consider a resolution on allowing non-celibate homosexuals to be ordained.
The ELCA is the country's largest Lutheran denomination with 4.6 million members.